The Trapezoidal rule of volumes V of an embankment divided into a number of sections equidistant D, is given by
A. `V = D [(A_1 + A_n)/(2) A_2 + A_3 + .................+ A_(n - 1)]`If `Delta`is the angle of deflection of a simple curve of radius R, the length of its long chord, is
If F is the pull applied at the ends of tape in kg, l is the length of tape between end marks in metres, w is the weight of the tape in kg per metre run, then sag correction
If `Delta` is the angle of deflection of a simple curve of radius R, the distance between the mid-point of the curve and long chord, is