The weight of reinforced concrete, is generally taken as
If the bearing capacity of soil is 10 tonnes/cm2 and the projection of plain concrete footing from walls, is a cm, the depth D of footing is
If T and R are the tread and rise of a stair which carries a load w per square metre on slope, the corresponding load per square metre of the horizontal area, is
P is the prestressed force applied to tendon of a rectangular prestressed beam whose area of cross section is A and sectional modulus is Z. The minimum stress f on the beam subjected to a maximum bending moment M is
If L is the effective span of a R.C.C. beam which is subjected to maximum shear `q_(max)` at the ends, the distance from either end over which stirrups for the shear, are provided, is